学术文献：研究前沿/研究热点

　　1.Non-toxic, high selectivityprocess for the extraction of precious metals from waste printedcircuit boards

　　作者:Merli, G (Merli,Giulia) [1] ; Becci, A (Becci,Alessandro) [1] ; Amato, A (Amato,Alessia) [1] ; Beolchini, F (Beolchini,Francesca) [1]

　　FRONTIERS OFENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

　　卷17期10

　　文献号123

　　DOI10.1007/s11783-023-1723-z

　　出版时间OCT2023

　　已索引2023-05-24

　　文献类型Article

　　期刊来源：FRONTIERSOF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

　　Publisher name：HIGHEREDUCATION PRESS

　　期刊影响因子™

　　摘要

　　The work presented here focused on theextraction of gold (Au), silver (Ag) and palladium (Pd)from electronic waste using a solution of ammonium thiosulfate.Thiosulfate was used as a valid alternative to cyanide for precious metalextractions, due to its non-toxicity and high selectivity. The interactionsbetween sodium thiosulfate, total ammonia/ammonium, precious metalconcentrations and the particle size of the waste printed circuitboards (WPCBs) were studied by the response surface methodology (RSM) and theprincipal component analysis (PCA) to maximize precious metal mobilization. Auextraction reached a high efficiency with a granulometry of less than 0.25 mm,but the consumption of reagents was high. On the other hand, Ag extractiondepended neither on thiosulfate/ammonia concentration nor granulometry of WPCBsand it showed efficiency of 90% also with the biggest particle size (0.50 <o < 1.00 mm). Pd extraction, similarly to Au, showed the best efficiencywith the smallest and the medium WPCB sizes, but required less reagents comparedto Au. The results showed that precious metal leaching is a complex process(mainly for Au, which requires more severe conditions in order to achieve highextraction efficiencies) correlated with reagent concentrations, precious metalconcentrations and WPCB particle sizes. These results have great potentiality,suggesting the possibility of a more selective recovery of precious metalsbased on the different granulometry of the WPCBs. Furthermore, the highextraction efficiencies obtained for all the metals bode well in theperspective of large-scale applications.

　　关键词

　　作者关键词

　　Thiosulfate；Printedcircuit boards；Preciousmetals；Leaching；Hydrometallurgy

　　Keywords Plus

　　ELECTRONIC WASTE；GOLD；RECOVERY；PALLADIUM；SILVER；OXIDATION；CYANIDE；COPPER；MODEL

　　https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:000981570800002

　　2.A compendious review on theinfluence of e-waste aggregates on the properties of concrete

　　作者:Danish, A (Danish,Aamar) [1] ; Mosaberpanah,MA (Mosaberpanah, Mohammad Ali) [2] ; Ozbakkaloglu,T (Ozbakkaloglu, Togay) [1] ; Salim, MU (Salim,Muhammad Usama) [3] ; Khurshid, K (Khurshid,Kiran) [4] , [5] ; Bayram, M (Bayram,Muhammed) [1] ; Amran, M (Amran,Mugahed) [6] , [7] ; Fediuk, R (Fediuk,Roman) [8] , [9] ; Qader, DN (Qader,Diyar N.) [10]

　　卷18

　　文献号e01740

　　DOI10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e01740

　　出版时间JUL2023

　　已索引2023-05-06

　　文献类型Review

　　期刊来源：CASESTUDIES IN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

　　Publisher name：ELSEVIER

　　期刊影响因子™

　　摘要

　　The idea of managing andrecycling electronic waste is getting broad acceptance becauseit is a resource that is rapidly available in bulk, contains various hazardoussubstances and has a low recycling rate. Meanwhile, increasingindustrialization and urbanization has increased concrete production andconsumption, resulting in environmental problems via resource depletion. As aresult, the utilization of aggregates prepared from e-waste is a viablesolution to different con-servation and environmental issues caused bye-waste and concrete production. This article discusses the types ofe-waste and types and production techniques of e-waste aggregates(e-waste plastic and cathode ray tube (CRT) glass). The primary focus ofthis article is the influence of e -waste aggregates on the properties ofconcrete, including workability, fresh and dry density, compressive strength,flexural strength, splitting tensile strength, and thermal resistance. More-over,this study also discusses the suitable percentages of e-waste aggregatesthat can be incor-porated as natural coarse aggregates to prepare sustainableconcrete for structural and nonstructural purposes. It can be concluded thate-waste modified concrete provide a glimmer of hope for the safe and sounddisposal of increasing quantity of e-waste. However, more compre-hensiveexperimental studies are required to explore full potential ofe-waste aggregates as nat-ural coarse aggregates replacement for thelarge-scale production of concrete.

　　关键词

　　作者关键词

　　Coarseaggregates；Electronic waste；E-waste aggregates；Sustainableconcrete；Resourcedepletion

　　Keywords Plus

　　E-PLASTIC WASTE；FUNNEL GLASSSAND；RAY-TUBEGLASS；PARTIALREPLACEMENT；ELECTRONIC WASTE；COARSE-AGGREGATE；MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES；HAZARDOUS-WASTES；STEEL SLAG；CRT GLASS

　　https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:000972019500001

　　3.Legacies and health risks ofheavy metals, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and polychlorinateddibenzo-dioxins/furans at e-waste recycling sites in South China

　　作者:Zhao, X (Zhao,Xu) [1] ; Li, W (Li,Wei) [1] ; Wang, W (Wang,Wei) [1] ; Liu, JJ (Liu,Jingjing) [1] ; Yu, YJ (Yu,Yunjiang) [1] ; Li, Y (Li,Yang) [1] ; Chen, XC (Chen,Xichao) [1] ; Liu, Y (Liu,Yun) [1]

　　卷17期7

　　文献号79

　　DOI10.1007/s11783-023-1679-z

　　出版时间JUL2023

　　已索引2023-02-26

　　文献类型Article

　　期刊来源：FRONTIERSOF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

　　Publisher name：HIGHEREDUCATION PRESS

　　期刊影响因子™

　　摘要

　　Informal electronic-waste (e-waste)recycling sites pose substantial health risks to surrounding environments andpopulations, yet they are not properly regulated. In this study, the soillevels of copper, lead, cadmium, eight polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs),and 18 polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs) were measured at twoe-waste recycling sites in South China between 2014 and 2019. Both siteshave been abandoned for natural restoration. Our results indicate that the meanCd and PCDD/F levels at Site A in 2019 were higher than those recommended bycurrent safety guidelines. Meanwhile, the highest exposure among children was1.36 x 10(-2) mg/(kgmiddotd) for Cu, followed by 5.05 x 10(-3) mg/(kgmiddotd)for Pb, 9.71 ng/(kgmiddotd) for PBDEs, and 6.82 ng TEQ/(kgmiddotd) for PCDD/Fs.Children were at elevated risk for health problem posed by Pb and Cu exposureat both sites (hazard quotient > 1) and by PCDD/Fs at Site A. Further riskassessment was conducted on the target organs and endpoints of heavy metals andPCDD/Fs. The hazard index (HI) for the target organ mixed-risk of heavy metalswas high (HI = 1.27), as was that of PCDD/Fs (HI = 1.66), which can disruptendocrine function and pose a risk of reproductive toxicity in children. Owingto incomplete cleaning, contaminants persist in soils over long periods and mayharm nearby environments and communities. Our study demonstrates that heavymetal, PBDE, and PCDD/F contamination have not yet been remediated, andintervention is needed to reduce pollution and associated risks in areasaffected by e-waste.

　　关键词

　　作者关键词

　　E-waste；Human healthrisk；Organ risk；Heavy metaltoxicity；PBDEPCDD/F

　　Keywords Plus

　　P-DIOXINS；POLLUTION；PCDD/FS；ATMOSPHERE；SOIL

　　https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:000924961100005

　　1.High Thermal Conductivity of Sandwich-StructuredFlexible Thermal Interface Materials

　　来源期刊：SMALL 出版时间：MAR 2023

　　摘要：Thermal interfaces are vital for effective thermalmanagement in modern electronics, especially in the emerging fields of flexibleelectronics and soft robotics that impose requirements for interface materialsto be soft and flexible in addition to having high thermal performance. Here, anovel sandwich-structured thermal interface material (TIM) is developed thatsimultaneously possesses record-low thermal resistance and high flexibility.Frequency-domain thermoreflectance (FDTR) is employed to investigate theoverall thermal performance of the sandwich structure. As the core of thissandwich, a vertically aligned copper nanowire (CuNW) array preserves its highintrinsic thermal conductivity, which is further enhanced by 60% via a thick 3Dgraphene (3DG) coating. The thin copper layers on the top and bottom play thecritical roles in protecting the nanowires during device assembly. Through thebottom-up fabrication process, excellent contacts between the graphene-coatedCuNWs and the top/bottom layer are realized, leading to minimal interfacialresistance. In total, the thermal resistance of the sandwich is determined aslow as similar to 0.23 mm(2) K W-1. This work investigates a new generation offlexible thermal interface materials with an ultralow thermal resistance, whichtherefore renders the great promise for advanced thermal management in a widevariety of electronics.

　　2.3D Graphene-Nanowire "Sandwich"Thermal Interface with Ultralow Resistance and Stiffness

　　来源期刊：ACS NANO   出版时间：FEB 14 2023

　　摘要：Despite the recent advancements of passive andactive cooling solutions for electronics, interfaces between materials havegenerally become crucial barriers for thermal transport because of intrinsicmaterial dissimilarity and surface roughness at interfaces. We demonstrate a 3Dgraphene-nanowire "sandwich" thermal interface that enables anultralow thermal resistance of similar to 0.24 mm2middotK/W that is about 1order of magnitude smaller than those of solders and several orders ofmagnitude lower than those of thermal greases, gels, and epoxies, as well as alow elastic and shear moduli of similar to 1 MPa like polymers and foams. Theflexible 3D "sandwich" exhibits excellent long-term reliability with>1000 cycles over a broad temperature range from -55 degrees C to 125degrees C. This nanostructured thermal interface material can greatly benefit avariety of electronic systems and devices by allowing them to operate at lowertemperatures or at the same temperature but with higher performance and higherpower density.

　　3.Comparativestudy on photo-thermal conversion properties of vanadium nanofluids prepared bylaser ablation in H2O and polyethylene glycol

　　来源期刊：JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY

　　出版时间：JUL 25 2023

　　摘要：Nanofluids are colloidal systems broadly used insolar-energy utilization. The main disadvantages of nanofluids are theirinstability and time-consuming preparation methods, the aim of the present workis to introduce a nanofluid without the mentioned problems. Herein, twocolloidal systems of vanadium including V/PEG (for the first time) and V/H2Onanofluids were synthesized by laser ablation in liquid method in polyethyleneglycol and water, respectively and utilized in light-to-heat conversion. V/PEGis more stable than V/H2O as the oxidation state of vanadium is unchanged inpolyethylene glycol but in water is changed until V2O5 is obtained. UnlikeV/H2O, no agglomeration/precipitation takes place for V/PEG. Based on theimages obtained from transmission elec-tron microscopy, vanadium nanoparticleshave different morphologies and sizes, helping V/PEG to absorb differentwavelengths, resulting in more heat generation. The surface temperature ofV/PEG reached = 57 celcius (AT = 30 celcius), under 60 min sunlight irradiation(0.9 Sun). The V/PEG was used at high light intensities and several successiveheating-cooling cycles without losing its heat-generation performance.Different calculated thermo-physical parameters reveal that V/PEG is moreeligible than V/H2O in photo-thermal conversion with several advantages:inexpensive and simple synthesis, dispersant-free, long-colloidal stability,high photo-thermal durability and high heat-generation efficiency. (c) 2023 TheKorean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. Published by ElsevierB.V. All rights reserved.

　　4.Molecular-SpecificImaging of Tissue with Photo-Thermal Optical Coherence Tomography

　　来源期刊：INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS  出版时间：MAR 2023

　　摘要：Photo-thermal optical coherence tomography (PT-OCT)is a functional extension of conventional OCT with the ability to generate mapsof light absorption co-registered with the micron resolution structuraltomograms of OCT. Potentially, signal analysis of such light absorption mapscan be used to obtain refined depth-resolved insight into the chemicalcomposition of tissue. Such analysis, however, is complex because theunderlying physics of PT-OCT is multifactorial. That is, aside from tissuechemical composition, optical, thermal, and mechanical properties of tissueaffect PT-OCT signals; certain system/instrumentation parameters also influencePT-OCT signals. As such, obtaining refined depth-resolved insight into tissuechemical composition requires in-depth understanding of the interplay betweensample and system parameters and the induced signals. Moreover, translation ofPT-OCT to clinics requires introduction of new experimentation strategies forenhancing the detection specificity and imaging speed of PT-OCT. In this reviewpaper, we present and discuss our recent works aimed at addressing the abovetheoretical and technological challenges.

　　5.Microbe-MediatedBiosynthesis of Multidimensional Carbon-Based Materials for Energy StorageApplications

　　来源期刊：ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS

　　出版时间：MAY 2023

　　摘要：Biosynthesis methods are considered to be apromising technology for engineering new carbon-based materials or redesigningthe existing ones for specific purposes with the aid of synthetic biology. Lotsof biosynthetic processes including metabolism, fermentation, biologicalmineralization, and gene editing have been adopted to prepare novelcarbon-based materials with exceptional properties that cannot be realized bytraditional chemical methods, because microbes evolved to possess specialabilities to modulate components/structure of materials. In this review, therecent development on carbon-based materials prepared via differentbiosynthesis methods and various microbe factories (such as bacteria, yeasts,fungus, viruses, proteins) are systematically reviewed. The types ofbiotechniques and the corresponding mechanisms for the synthesis ofcarbon-based materials are outlined. This review also focuses on the structuraldesign and compositional engineering of carbon-based nanostructures (e.g.,metals, semiconductors, metal oxides, metal sulfides, phosphates, Mxenes)derived from biotechnology and their applications in electrochemical energystorage devices. Moreover, the relationship of thearchitecture-composition-electrochemical behavior and performance enhancementmechanism is also deeply discussed and analyzed. Finally, the developmentperspectives and challenges on the biosynthetic carbons are proposed and maypave a new avenue for rational design of advanced materials for the low-carboneconomy.

　　6.Carbon-BasedMaterials for Supercapacitors: Recent Progress, Challenges and Barriers

　　来源期刊：BATTERIES-BASEL

　　出版时间：JAN 2023

　　摘要：Swift developments in electronic devices and futuretransportation/energy production directions have forced researchers to developnew and contemporary devices with higher power capacities, extended cyclelives, and superior energy densities. Supercapacitors are promising deviceswith excellent power densities and exceptionally long cycle lives. However,commercially available supercapacitors, which commonly use high-surface-areacarbon-based electrodes and organic solutions as electrolytes, suffer frominferior energy densities due to the limited accessibility of surface area andconstrained operating potential window of electrolytes. To address the issue ofinferior energy densities, new high-capacity electrode materials andnew/state-of-the-art electrolytes, such as ionic liquids, gel polymers, or evensolid-state electrolytes, have been developed and evaluated vigorously inrecent years. In this brief review, different types of supercapacitors,according to their charge storage mechanisms, have been discussed in detail.Since carbon-based active materials are the key focus of this review, synthesisparameters, such as carbonisation, activation, and functionalisation, which canimpact a material's physiochemical characteristics, ultimately affecting theperformance of supercapacitors, are also discussed. Finally, the synthesis andapplications of different carbon-based materials, i.e., carbon nanotubes,graphene, and activated carbon, have been reviewed, followed by conclusions andoutlook.

　　7.Low carbontechnology roadmap of China cement industry

　　来源期刊：JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE CEMENT-BASED MATERIALS

　　出版时间：JUN 3 2023

　　摘要：China announced the goal of carbon peaking by 2035and carbon neutral by 2060. In 2020, the carbon emission of cement productionwas 1.32 billion tons, accounting for about 80% of the total carbon emission ofbuilding materials in China. The carbon emission of cement production mainlycomes from the clinker production. The key to cut emission is to reduce theconsumption of fossil energy and limestone. The major measures include energyefficiency improvement, alternative fuel usage, raw material substitution, andnew low-carbon cement clinker production technology. This paper illustrates theeffect of low carbon technologies application and the carbon reducing potentialfrom this period to 2060. It is predicted that when carbon neutral goal wouldbe achieved by 2060, the carbon reduction from energy efficiency improvement,alternative fuels usage, alternative raw materials usage, low-carbon cement andCCUS technology would be 8%, 4%, 27%, 28% and 33%, respectively. Meanwhile, the13% of CO2 related with cement producing would be used to curing cement-basedmaterials.

　　8.BandPosition-Independent Piezo-Electrocatalysis for Ultrahigh CO2 Conversion

　　来源期刊：ADVANCED MATERIALS

　　出版时间：May 2023

　　摘要：Piezo-electrocatalysis as an emergingmechano-to-chemistry energy conversion technique opens multiple innovativeopportunities and draws great interest over the past decade. However, the twopotential mechanisms in piezo-electrocatalysis, i.e., screening charge effectand energy band theory, generally coexist in the most piezoelectrics, makingthe essential mechanism remain controversial. Here, for the first time, the twomechanisms in piezo-electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (PECRR) isdistinguished through a narrow-bandgap piezo-electrocatalyst strategy usingMoS2 nanoflakes as demo. With conduction band of -0.12 eV, the MoS2 nanoflakesare unsatisfied for CO2-to-CO redox potential of -0.53 eV, yet they achieve anultrahigh CO yield of approximate to 543.1 mu mol g(-1) h(-1) in PECRR.Potential band position shifts under vibration are still unsatisfied withCO2-to-CO potential verified by theoretical investigation andpiezo-photocatalytic experiment, further indicating that the mechanism ofpiezo-electrocatalysis is independent of band position. Besides, MoS2nanoflakes exhibit unexpected intense "breathing" effect undervibration and enable the naked-eye-visible inhalation of CO2 gas, independentlyachieving the complete carbon cycle chain from CO2 capture to conversion. TheCO2 inhalation and conversion processes in PECRR are revealed by aself-designed in situ reaction cell. This work brings new insights into theessential mechanism and surface reaction evolution of piezo-electrocatalysis.

　　9.Iminium andenamine catalysis in enantioselective photochemical reactions

　　来源期刊：CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS

　　出版时间：Jan 21 2018 |

　　摘要：Although enantioselective catalysis under thermalconditions has been well established over the last few decades, theenantioselective catalysis of photochemical reactions is still a challengingtask resulting from the complex enantiotopic face differentiation in thephotoexcited state. Recently, remarkable achievements have been reported by asynergistic combination of organocatalysis and photocatalysis, which have ledto the expedient construction of a diverse range of enantioenriched moleculeswhich are generally not easily accessible under thermal conditions. In thistutorial review, we summarize and highlight the most significant advances iniminium and enamine catalysis of enantioselective photochemical reactions, withan emphasis on catalytic modes and reaction types.

　　Abstracts：Reversiblelanes play an important role in alleviating urban traffic congestion andimproving the utilization of road resources. However, most of the reversiblelanes currently implemented are timed and fixed, and there is little researchon the safety of reversible lanes without isolation facilities. In view of theexisting problems of reversible lanes, this paper proposed a real-time dynamicreversible lane safety control model. The influencing factors of reversiblelane safety control are analyzed first, and then determine model parameters ofthe no-entry zone and the buffer zone in the conflict area. Moreover, modelparameters of emptying, exit, and recovery zones in the operation process weredetermined as well. Additionally, this paper discussed the length of reversiblelanes and the timing of signals. The surrogate safety assessment model (SSAM)is adopted to analyze vehicle trajectory data for traffic simulation underdifferent traffic flows. The experiment results show that the proposedreversible lane safety control scheme can keep the vehicle's traffic conflictrate below 5%, which can effectively ensure the safe operation of thereversible lane.

　　期刊来源：APPLIEDARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

　　发表时间：2023

　　详情页网址：https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:000937953000001

　　Abstracts：Thispaper demonstrates the controlling abilities of a large PV-farm as a Solar-PVinverter for mitigating the chaotic electrical, electromechanical, andtorsional oscillations including Subsynchronous resonance in aturbogenerator-based power system. The oscillations include deviations in themachine speed, rotor angle, voltage fluctuations (leading to voltage collapse),and torsional modes. During the night with no solar power generation, thePV-plant switches to PV-STATCOM mode and works as a Solar-PV inverter at itsfull capacity to attenuate the oscillations. During full sun in the daytime, onany fault detection, the PV-plant responds instantly and stops generating powerto work as a Solar-PV inverter. The PV-farm operates in the same mode until theoscillations are fully alleviated. This paper manifests the control of theDC-link capacitor voltage of the Solar-PV inverter with a bacterial foragingoptimization-based intelligent maximum power point tracking controller for theoptimal control of active and reactive power. Kundur's multi-machine modelaggregated with PV-plant is modeled in the Matlab/Simulink environment toexamine the rotor swing deviations with associated shaft segments. The resultsfor different test cases of interest demonstrate the positive outcomes ofdeploying large PV-farms as a smart PV-STATCOM for controlling power systemoscillations.

　　期刊来源：PROTECTIONAND CONTROL OF MODERN POWER SYSTEMS

　　发表时间：2023

　　详情页网址：https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:000963451600002

　　AbstractsSelf-powered flexible deviceswith skin-like multiple sensing ability have attracted great attentions due totheir broad applications in the Internet of Things (IoT). Various methods havebeen proposed to enhance mechano-optic or electric performance of the flexibledevices; however, it remains challenging to realize the display and accuraterecognition of motion trajectories for intelligent control. Here, we present afully self-powered mechanoluminescent-triboelectric bimodal sensor based onmicro-nanostructured mechanoluminescent elastomer, which can patterned-displaythe force trajectories. The deformable liquid metals used as stretchableelectrode make the stress transfer stable through overall device to achieveoutstanding mechanoluminescence (with a gray value of 107 under a stimulusforce as low as 0.3 N and more than 2000 cycles reproducibility). Moreover, amicrostructured surface is constructed which endows the resulted composite withsignificantly improved triboelectric performances (voltage increases from 8 to24 V). Based on the excellent bimodal sensing performances and durability ofthe obtained composite, a highly reliable intelligent control system by machinelearning has been developed for controlling trolley, providing an approach foradvanced visual interaction devices and smart wearable electronics in thefuture IoT era.

　　期刊来源：NANO-MICROLETTERS

　　发表时间：2023

　　详情页网址：https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:000959483800001

　　Abstracts：Laser directedenergy deposition (L-DED) allows the production of multi-materials andfunctionally graded material (FGM) parts. But for commercialisation, processand quality monitoring of parts is required. For the first time, a novelmonitoring method for chemical composition and process regimes of FGMs isproposed using a cost-effective acoustic emission (AE) (microphone) and opticalemission spectroscopy (OES) sensors. Four chemical compositions (100%Ti,58%Ti42%Nb, 37%Ti63%Nb, and 100% Nb) and two process parameters (475 W - 1'400mm/min and 175 W - 2'000 mm/min) were selected, leading to four regimes/quality(conduction mode, partial, minor, medium, and severe lack of fusion pores). Thesignals were classified using seven mainstream artificial intelligencealgorithms. The main conclusions are twofold. First, microphones are unsuitablecandidates for monitoring the laser-material interaction during L-DED. Theacoustic waves generated by the laser-material interaction are shielded by highgas flow surrounding it and so are either highly disturbed or does not reachthe microphone. Conversely, OES are suitable candidates as the classificationaccuracies are higher than 90% for most category and machine learningalgorithms, even after drastic feature reduction. Considering the wide range ofchemical composition and quality, our proposed methods using OES have highindustrialised potentials for them during L-DED FGM.期刊来源：INFORMATION FUSION

　　发表时间：2023

　　期刊来源：VIRTUAL ANDPHYSICAL PROTOTYPING

　　详情页网址：https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:000951310000001

　　Abstracts：Artificialintelligence (AI) is present everywhere in the lives of individuals.Unfortunately, several cases of discrimination by AI systems have already beenreported. Scholars have warned on risks of AI reproducing existing inequalitiesor even amplifying them. To tackle these risks and promote responsible AI, manyethics guidelines for AI have emerged recently, including diversity, equity,and inclusion (DEI) principles and practices. However, little is known aboutthe DEI content of these guidelines, and to what extent they meet the mostrelevant accumulated knowledge from DEI literature. We performed asemi-systematic literature review of the AI guidelines regarding DEI stakes andanalyzed 46 guidelines published from 2015 to today. We fleshed out the 14 DEIprinciples and the 18 DEI practices recommended underlying these 46 guidelines.We found that the guidelines mostly encourage one of the DEI managementparadigms, namely fairness, justice, and nondiscrimination, in a limitedcompliance approach. We found that narrow technical practices are favored overholistic ones. Finally, we conclude that recommended practices for implementingDEI principles in AI should include actions aimed at directly influencing AIactors' behaviors and awareness of DEI risks, rather than just statingintentions and programs.

　　期刊来源：APPLIEDARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

　　发表时间：2023

　　详情页网址：https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:000936397100001

　　Abstracts：Hybrid EnergySystems (HES) combine multiple energy sources to maximize energy efficiency.Due to the unpredictability and dependence on the weather, integratingrenewable energy sources (RES) is a viable option for distributed distribution(DG). To minimize environmental impact and meet the increasing energydemand-supply gap, scientists need to find alternative energy sources. Severalstudies have confirmed that HES is economically viable in remote areas,particularly in off-grid applications. Despite several improvements over thepast few years, existing HES control systems are complex, costly, lessreliable, and not sufficiently efficient. The purpose of this paper is topresent the most common challenges faced by stand-alone hybrid energy systemsand how the artificial intelligence (AI) technique has improved them. AItechniques are widely used in HES, and this study addressed how AI can solveclassification, forecasting, networking, optimization, and control problems.This study provides an overview of the recent history of HES criticalchallenges in energy management, sizing, demand side management, and storagemanagement; additionally, we have addressed several conceptual/theoreticalproblems, antecedents, and consequences that may be of interest or requirefurther research. Companies must ensure their systems perform effectively andpay for their investments. Regardless of the system, failures and defectsshould be diagnosed and repaired as soon as possible. This can be achieved byincreasing the system's efficiency and preventing early -stage damage.Researchers and project managers who work on hybrid systems will find thispaper to be an invaluable resource.(c) 2022 The Author(s). Published byElsevier Ltd. 

　　期刊来源：ENERGY REPORTS

　　发表时间：2023

　　1. Nanozymes:Classification, Catalytic Mechanisms, Activity Regulation, andApplications

　　Abstracts：Because of the high catalytic activities and substratespecificity, natural enzymes have been widely used in industrial, medical, andbiological fields, etc. Although promising, they often suffer from intrinsicshortcomings such as high cost, low operational stability, and difficulties ofrecycling. To overcome these shortcomings, researchers have been devoted to theexploration of artificial enzyme mimics for a long time. Since the discovery offerromagnetic nanoparticles with intrinsic horseradish peroxidase-like activityin 2007, a large amount of studies on nanozymes have been constantly emergingin the next decade. Nanozymes are one kind of nanomaterials with enzymaticcatalytic properties. Compared with natural enzymes, nanozymes have the advantagessuch as low cost, high stability and durability, which have been widely used inindustrial, medical, and biological fields. A thorough understanding of thepossible catalytic mechanisms will contribute to the development of novel andhigh-efficient nanozymes, and the rational regulations of the activities ofnanozymes are of great significance. In this review, we systematicallyintroduce the classification, catalytic mechanism,activity regulation as well as recent research progress of nanozymesin the field of biosensing, environmental protection, and disease treatments,etc. in the past years. We also propose the current challenges of nanozymes aswell as their future research focus. We anticipate this review may be ofsignificance for the field to understand the properties of nanozymes and thedevelopment of novel nanomaterials with enzyme mimicking activities.

　　Key words:

　　PEROXIDASE-LIKE ACTIVITY；METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORK；SENSITIVE COLORIMETRIC DETECTION；OXIDASE-LIKE ACTIVITY；REDUCED GRAPHENE OXIDE；ENZYME-MIMETIC ACTIVITY；CARBON QUANTUM DOTS；ONE-POT SYNTHESIS；MIMICKING HORSERADISH-PEROXIDASE；SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM

　　网址：https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:000462950700011

　　2. Review on nanoparticles andnanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations

　　Abstracts：Nanomaterials (NMs) have gained prominence in technologicaladvancements due to their tunable physical, chemical and biological propertieswith enhanced performance over their bulk counterparts. NMs are categorizeddepending on their size, composition, shape, and origin. The ability to predictthe unique properties of NMs increases the value of each classification. Due toincreased growth of production of NMs and their industrial applications, issuesrelating to toxicity are inevitable. The aim of this review is to comparesynthetic (engineered) and naturally occurring nanoparticles (NPs) andnanostructured materials (NSMs) to identify their nanoscale properties and todefine the specific knowledge gaps related to the risk assessment of NPs andNSMs in the environment. The review presents an overview of the history andclassifications of NMs and gives an overview of the various sources of NPs andNSMs, from natural to synthetic, and their toxic effects towards mammaliancells and tissue. Additionally, the types of toxic reactions associated withNPs and NSMs and the regulations implemented by different countries to reducethe associated risks are also discussed.

　　Key words：nanomaterial classification；nanomaterial history；nanotoxicity；oxidative stress；reactive oxygen species；regulations

　　网址：https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:000429273500002

　　1.国际中文教育之科技汉语研究四十年

　　胡云晚

　　浙江科技学院人文学院

　　摘要：论文以中国知网数据库的文献为线索,追踪到我国专门用途科技汉语研究始于1981年,至2021年的四十年间经历了三个阶段,其研究逐步往纵深发展:兴起期,以词汇、句式为主的本体研究充分,使科技汉语教学有了语言学依据,但未跳出母语者思维特征;低迷期的研究数量少、承传多,教育质量欠佳,网络科技助力教学有一定创新;拓展期,研究多元发展,词汇分级有所尝试,母语者思维有所突破,教育质量得到强化,教材与教师队伍问题逐渐浮现。通过推拉理论发现国家宏观政策直接影响地方招生与个人专业选择。未来研究中,建议区分科技汉语词汇的专业门类、等级性及层次性,创新数智化教学教法,打造“新媒体教研集群团队”,围绕科技发展需求,致力“中文+专业”人才输出提质增效。

　　关键词：国际中文教育;科技汉语;理工类留学生;专门用途汉语;“中文+专业”人才;

　　基金资助：国家社会科学基金项目“语言接触视域中湘、赣方言的介词类型研究”(20BYY043)； 教育部语合中心国际中文教育研究重点课题“对外汉语常用句式的‘记忆-构式’教学创新研究”(22YH41B)；浙江省新苗人才计划项目“科技汉语词汇学习小程序开发实践”(2022R415C030)的阶段性成果；

　　DOI：10.16614/j.gznuj.skb.2023.03.006

　　专辑：哲学与人文科学

　　专题：中国语言文字

　　分类号：H195

　　期刊来源：贵州师范大学学报(社会科学版).CSSCI

　　（排版定稿）网络首发时间：2023-05-1715:15:48

　　详情页链接：

　　https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=3uoqIhG8C45S0n9fL2suRadTyEVl2pW9UrhTDCdPD65uuULF3v3RBnvHyQnZLaX7IXYozFKdGnK_55nlErCtLLJu0qVEEQ82&uniplatform=NZKPT

　　2.在线汉语国际教育的发展策略研究

　　王乐韬1蒋跃2

　　1.长安大学外国语学院2.西安交通大学外国语学院

　　摘要：当前，在线汉语国际教育平台的主要类型包括：各大高校与企业联合开发的在线汉语国际教育平台或在线课程、商业化在线语言教学平台和在线培训平台和各类视频网站和社交媒体上的汉语教学活动。在线汉语国际教育发展面临的问题是在线汉语国际教育发展面临技术和经济门槛高，不利于教育公平；“三教”问题尚未解决，教学效果存在争议；在线课程标准不统一，组织和管理难度大。未来在线汉语国际教育发展应该加强深度合作，发挥科技优势，解决教育公平问题；打造专业化团队，创新教学模式，解决“三教”问题；构建高质量的在线国际中文教育标准体系和配套管理机制。

　　关键词：在线汉语国际教育;教育平台;教学平台;在线平台;汉语教学活动;技术和经济;专业团队;

　　基金资助：陕西省哲学社会科学重大理论与现实问题研究项目“‘一带一路’沿线国英语变体和‘中国英语’的计量特征分析”（项目编号：2021ND0616）的阶段性研究成果；

　　专辑：哲学与人文科学;社会科学Ⅱ辑;信息科技

　　专题：中国语言文字;教育理论与教育管理;计算机软件及计算机应用

　　分类号：G434;H195

　　期刊来源：教育理论与实践. 2023,43(12)北大核心AMI

　　详情页链接：

　　https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=3uoqIhG8C44YLTlOAiTRKu87-SJxoEJu6LL9TJzd50mSU6zpa-_ih1mRWv3m1z3Ofzs9BK-9ltE13s8UP3PKFMArMpEci2W1&uniplatform=NZKPT

　　3.国际中文教育专业博士生培养现状及对策

　　王辉沈索超

　　浙江师范大学国际文化与社会发展学院

　　摘要：采用问卷调查与半结构化访谈相结合的方式，研究国际中文教育专业博士生培养现状及问题。对全国22所培养院校的178名博士生进行问卷调查，选取5名博士生导师和14名博士生进行访谈，调查内容主要包括博士学科背景和攻读学位动机、导师指导、课程设置、学位论文选题等方面。研究发现，国际中文教育专业博士生培养整体看来比较符合《教育博士专业学位汉语国际教育领域研究生指导性培养方案》的规定与要求。但是，由于处在起步阶段，博士生培养也存在职业导向性不强、招生环节不尽完善、课程设置不尽合理、实践导师指导不足、论文选题存在偏差等问题。针对上述问题，建议加强职业导向，突出实践特性；深化招生改革，精准选拔人才；完善课程体系，突出学科交叉融合；健全导师队伍，增强导师指导作用；制定选题指南，重视学位论文质量。

　　关键词：

　　国际中文教育;博士生培养;现状调查;

　　基金资助：

　　国家社会科学基金重大项目“人类命运共同体视域下非洲百年汉语传播研究”(项目编号：21&ZD311)； 浙江省教育厅科研项目“汉语国际教育专业学位博士生培养现状调查研究”(项目编号：Y202147110)； 国际中文教育研究中外联合专项课题“基于中文国际传播的语言传播理论：转向与建构”(项目编号：22YH23ZW)的阶段性成果；

　　DOI：10.15946/j.cnki.1001-7178.20230316.003

　　专辑：哲学与人文科学;社会科学Ⅱ辑

　　专题：中国语言文字

　　分类号：H195

　　期刊来源：民族教育研究. 2023,34(01)北大核心CSSCIAMI
详情页链接：

　　https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=3uoqIhG8C44YLTlOAiTRKu87-SJxoEJu6LL9TJzd50nSH4ai6wCXSNH5xwrNnEg1kigquGFFaWGjuwEnfp3kEHW-GTCA9LE0&uniplatform=NZKPT

　　4.标记性及概念表征对汉语双及物结构习得的影响——以韩语母语者为例

　　黄玉花王艺林

　　吉林大学文学院

　　摘要：标记性及概念表征影响韩语母语者习得汉语给予类双及物结构。汉语、韩语分属不同的双及物类型，汉语为IOC/DOC型语言，韩语为IOC型语言，两种语言在双及物论元的与事R和客体T的语序、与格式的象似性、重成分的后置等方面均呈现出差异性。基于584个汉语双及物及相关句式、韩汉翻译测试语料发现，韩语母语者压倒式地输出与汉语双及物相关的介宾状语式“A给RVT”,而双及物结构的无标记句式“AVT给R”则极少，处于未激活状态；对汉语有标记的双宾式，其习得局限在原型双宾式“A给RT”上，使用频率仅次于“A给RVT”,偏误率高。究其母语根源，韩语与格式的无标记特征及语序、与格式的谓语动词“■(给/给予)”的对象表征、与事标记“■”的对象表征，均对汉语双及物结构习得产生较大的迁移作用。汉语二语语法习得研究与类型学紧密结合，引入认知类型学理念，一定能推进国际中文教学的深度发展。

　　关键词：

　　对外汉语教学;汉语习得;韩语母语者;给予类双及物结构;类型差异;表征特征迁移;

　　基金资助：

　　国家社会科学基金项目(17BYY167)； 吉林省社会科学基金重点项目(2022A7)； 吉林大学哲学社会科学研究重大课题培育项目(2020ZDPY06)；

　　DOI：10.15939/j.jujsse.2023.03.wx1

　　专辑：哲学与人文科学;社会科学Ⅱ辑

　　专题：中国语言文字

　　分类号：H195.3

　　期刊来源：吉林大学社会科学学报. 2023,63(03)北大核心CSSCIAMI

　　详情页链接：

　　https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=3uoqIhG8C44YLTlOAiTRKu87-SJxoEJu6LL9TJzd50kt0a-388KZj-2nSijuSJ-az63Vj67F-xzyYQSb4aqn77HP_oSyaxqp&uniplatform=NZKPT

08体育部

　　1.Global,regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural,environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks orclusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: asystematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

　　Abstracts：Background The GlobalBurden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factorquantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks andrisk outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA toincorporate improved methods, new risks and risk outcome pairs, and new data onrisk exposure levels and risk outcome associations.

　　Methods We used the CRA frameworkdeveloped for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels andtrends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjustedlife-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural,environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks orgroups of risks from 1990 to 2017. This study included 476 riskoutcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probableevidence of causation. We extracted relative risk and exposureestimates from 46 749 randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, householdsurveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical modelsto pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. Using thecounterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level(TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could beattributed to a given risk. We explored the relationship between developmentand risk exposure by modelling the relationship between the Socio-demographicIndex (SDI) and risk-weighted exposure prevalence and estimated expectedlevels of exposure and risk-attributable burden by SDI. Finally, weexplored temporal changes in risk-attributable DALYs by decomposing thosechanges into six main component drivers of change as follows: (1)population growth; (2) changes in population age structures; (3) changes inexposure to environmental and occupational risks; (4) changes in exposure tobehavioural risks; (5) changes in exposure to metabolic risks; and (6) changesdue to all other factors, approximated as the risk-deleted death and DALYrates, where the risk-deleted rate is the rate that would be observed had wereduced the exposure levels to the TMREL for all risk factors included in GBD2017.

　　Findings In 2017,34.1 million (95%uncertainty interval [UI] 33.3-35.0) deaths and 121 billion (144-1.28) DALYswere attributable to GBD risk factors. Globally, 61.0% (59.6-62.4) of deathsand 48.3% (46.3-50.2) of DALYs were attributed to the GBD 2017 riskfactors. When ranked by risk-attributable DALYs, high systolic blood pressure(SBP) was the leading risk factor, accounting for 10.4 million (9.39-11.5)deaths and 218 million (198-237) DALYs, followed by smoking (7.10 million[6.83-7.37] deaths and 182 million [173-193] DALYs), high fasting plasmaglucose (6.53 million [5.23-8.23] deaths and 171 million [144-201] DALYs), highbody-mass index (BMI; 4.72 million [2.99-6.70] deaths and 148 million[98.6-202] DALYs), and short gestation for birthweight (1.43 million[1.36-1.51] deaths and 139 million [131-147] DALYs). In total,risk-attributable DALYs declined by 4.9% (3.3-6.5) between 2007 and 2017. Inthe absence of demographic changes (ie, population growth andageing), changes in risk exposure and risk-deleted DALYs would have led to a23.5% decline in DALYs during that period. Conversely, in theabsence of changes in risk exposure and risk-deleted DALYs, demographicchanges would have led to an 18.6% increase in DALYs during that period. Theratios of observed risk exposure levels to exposure levels expectedbased on SDI (O/E ratios) increased globally for unsafe drinking water andhousehold air pollution between 1990 and 2017. This result suggests thatdevelopment is occurring more rapidly than are changes in the underlying riskstructure in a population. Conversely, nearly universal declines in O/E ratiosfor smoking and alcohol use indicate that, for a given SDI, exposure to theserisks is declining. In 2017, the leading Level 4 risk factor forage-standardised DALY rates was high SBP in four super-regions: central Europe,eastern Europe, and central Asia; north Africa and Middle East; south Asia; andsoutheast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania. The leading risk factor in thehigh-income super-region was smoking, in Latin America and Caribbean was highBMI, and in sub-Saharan Africa was unsafe sex. O/E ratios for unsafe sex insub-Saharan Africa were notably high, and those for alcohol use in north Africaand the Middle East were notably low.

　　Interpretation By quantifying levels andtrends in exposures to risk factors and the resulting disease burden, thisassessment offers insight into where past policy and programme efforts mighthave been successful and highlights current priorities for public healthaction. Decreases in behavioural, environmental, and occupational risks havelargely offset the effects of population growth and ageing, inrelation to trends in absolute burden. Conversely,the combination of increasing metabolic risks and populationageing will probably continue to drive the increasing trends innon-communicable diseases at the global level, which presents both a publichealth challenge and opportunity. We see considerable spatiotemporalheterogeneity in levels of risk exposure and risk-attributableburden. Although levels of development underliesome of this heterogeneity, O/E ratios show risks for which countriesare overperforming or underperforming relative to theirlevel of development. As such, these ratios provide a benchmarkingtool to help to focus local decision making. Our findings reinforce theimportance of both risk exposure monitoring and epidemiologicalresearch to assess causal connections between risks and health outcomes, andthey highlight the usefulness of the GBD study in synthesising datato draw comprehensive and robust conclusions that help to inform good policyand strategic health planning. Copyright (C) 2018 The Author(s). Published by ElsevierLtd.

　　Key words：CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASES，，BLOOD-PRESSURE，CHOLESTEROL，TRENDS

　　详情网址：

　　https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:000449710900007

　　2.WorldHealth Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentarybehaviour

　　Abstracts：Objectives To describe new WHO 2020guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour.Methods The guidelineswere developed in accordance with WHO protocols. An expert GuidelineDevelopment Group reviewed evidence to assess associations between physicalactivity and sedentary behaviour for an agreed set of health outcomesand population groups. The assessment used and systematically updated recentrelevant systematic reviews; new primary reviews addressed additional healthoutcomes or subpopulations.

　　Results The new guidelines addresschildren, adolescents, adults, older adults and include new specificrecommendations for pregnant and postpartum women and people living withchronic conditions or disability. All adults should undertake 150-300min of moderate-intensity, or 75-150 min of vigorous-intensityphysical activity, or someequivalent combination of moderate-intensity andvigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity, per week. Among children andadolescents, an average of 60 min/day of moderate-to-vigorousintensity aerobic physical activity across the week provides health benefits.The guidelines recommend regular muscle-strengthening activity for all agegroups. Additionally, reducing sedentary behaviours is recommended across allage groups and abilities, although evidence was insufficient to quantify asedentary behaviour threshold.

　　Conclusion These 2020 WHO guidelinesupdate previous WHO recommendations released in 2010. They reaffirm messagesthat some physical activity is better than none, that more physical activity isbetter for optimal health outcomes and provide a new recommendation on reducingsedentary behaviours. These guidelines highlight theimportance of regularly undertaking both aerobic and musclestrengthening activities and for the first time, there are specific recommendationsfor specific populations including for pregnant and postpartum women and peopleliving with chronic conditions or disability. These guidelines should be usedto inform national health policies aligned with the WHO Global Action Plan onPhysical Activity 2018-2030 and to strengthen surveillance systems that trackprogress towards national and global targets.

　　Key words：

　　prevention；healthpromotion；non-communicabledisease；physicalactivity；public health

　　详情网址：

　　https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:000605879000004